Ethics Codes And The World Of International Business

Ethics or what it is sometimes known as moral philosophy is an idea that involves the decision or right or wrong conduct. Ethics play a very vital role in any business and especially in the world of international business. In an international business setting the set of ethically right doings expands greatly due to a particular countries ethics standards. Not all ethics standards are the same especially when dealing with countries across the seas from the United States of America. Due to different religions, public standings, and how different countries handle their business determines what sort of ethics codes are being conducted. And ethical dilemma is a situation where two of these ethics codes clash and the line between what is right†¦show more content†¦A business when trying to practice ethically must always be focused on plant environment run off and always be on the hunt for a more efficient, world saving way of producing their product, even at the cost of a few doll ars. Here in America we have certain unalienable rights that were granted to us through the constitution and the government we stand under today. One thing a business must remember when manufacturing internationally is that just because in the home center, we have certain rights that we have always had and are second nature to us, are not always the rights and regulations of people internationally. Things like freedom of speech for example, sometimes overused or used inappropriately here, is still a right that all of us exercise. Internationally this rule does not always stand and a company cannot expect to change this right off the bat, or at all when they have their plants over there, or while trading products. No rights are universally accepted no matter how engrained they seem to us as Americans. Moral obligations is certainly in the handbook of being an ethical business in international business whether its trade or producing. International business companies have the responsibility when acting in the most ethical way possible to give something back to the community they have impacted internationally.Show MoreRelatedEthics As A Key Term Essay939 Words   |  4 PagesKEY TERM and WHY YOU ARE INTERESTED IN IT This paper will discuss ethics as a key term in cross boarder business. This topic is of interest because ethics are present in every day’s activities. For Christians, ethics is an important concept because it represents the image of the creator, God. As ambassadors of His world, Christians have the responsibility to edify others by living a moral and ethical life style. 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Congressional Reconstruction in the south 1863-1867 Free Essays

The radical reconstruction of 1867-1877, known for some of the most significant changes in American history. The Radical reconstruction was supported by Congress and less popular with President Johnson as if focused on Civil rights issues, something that Johnson chad no interest in. The reconstruction was meant to improve the economy of the devastated south, Politics and social Justice following the American civil war (War of the south). We will write a custom essay sample on Congressional Reconstruction in the south 1863-1867 or any similar topic only for you Order Now It wasn’t until â€Å"March of 1867 when congress adopted the Reconstruction act even though Johnson had vetoed it† (Foner, Give Me Liberty, II 566), the period of Radical Reconstruction begun, note that Johnson had his own plans for reconstruction. The Radical Reconstruction made several demands such as; voting rights for freed slaves, Radicals to conform to the idea of equality, protection of the Republican Party in the south, keeping old confederate generals from office, increased tariff on good to support state funded programs. Immediate achievements of the Reconstruction act of 1867 were: formation of political organization, â€Å"spread of the Republican Party in southern’ states that were returned o the Union† (Foner, Give Me Liberty, II 57), which increased the public’s involvement in free public education, orphanages, prisons and homes for the mentally challenged. The ‘Union league’ was one of the achievements during the Reconstruction. Its formation resulted from mass political meetings which included man, woman and children who simply rallied to claim the very rights enjoyed by the white citizens. These meetings were widely attended and produced both male and female speakers such as Frances Ellen Watkins Harper and James D. Lynch. Frances was known â€Å"for her two years’ tour and lectures of ‘Literacy, land and Liberations’†¦ nd James was known for his abilities to draw upon the emotion of his audience† (Foner, Give Me Liberty, II 573). In 1868-1869 new state constitutions were formed for the first time with the involvement of the public, most of whom were black representatives, this is why the public was given an increased responsibility in politics. With their involvements, aside from schools and others listed above, the new constitutions removed practices such as; â€Å"whipping for punishments, property qualifications for officeholders, and imprisonment for debt† (Foner, Give Me Liberty, II 573). Other political achievements included an increased number of African Americans who now held public office (estimated 2,000), â€Å"South Carolina was the only state at this time in which African Americans made up the mass of the legislature† (Foner, Give Me Liberty, II 574). this is simply because the population was â€Å"60% blacks† (Foner, Give Me Liberty, II 574) in South Carolina at this time. Finally African Americans held a seat in every level of Government though there were only two blacks who served the U. S. Senate during this period. Hiram from North Carolina and Blanche K. Bruce from. Hiram was born free, received an education, served in the Union Army and became the first â€Å"Black Senator in American history’ (Foner, Give Me Liberty, II 574). Blanche unlike Hiram was a former slave. (No addition information mentioned by Foner about Blanche). Though only for a short period the first Black and his mother a freed slave, the second black governor was not elected until â€Å"1989†. Though most blacks who held public offices gained ranks via serving the Union army, some black were born free in the north and received a proper education like Jonathan J. Wright who served on the South Carolina Supreme Court. Among many prominent black officials, Robert Smalls, â€Å"a slave who secretly guided a vessel called the Planter, through enemy waters and delivered it to the Union’s Army’ (Foner, Give Me Liberty, II 574)? Smalls gained his fame for this single act and later was elected as a political leader in South Carolina and was eventually elected to congress for five terms. Economically, some gained from during the Reconstruction, namely the ‘Carpetbaggers and the Scalawags’. Carpetbaggers were from the north, some simply came to the south for politics and many were Union soldiers who remained in the outh for lands and other economic advantages. Some remained for support in rebuilding and education the south by becoming teachers. Scalawags, a name given to Whites in the south who never owned slaves and now supported the Republicans to keep confederated officers out of office. Other economical advances were the suspension of debt collection and protection for property owners from loan sharks. Thus far the public school education provided by the state stood above all as an achievement during the Reconstruction. Most schools were segregated with the exception of â€Å"New Orleans, were public schools were integrated†¦ nd only South Carolina did the state university admitted black students† (Foner, Give Me Liberty, II 575). By 1870 more than half the white and black population attended public school (One may note Booker T Washington’s â€Å"Keep me separated but equal†). Change in office from prewar leaders to newer governments, laws were passed to end racial discrimination from service providers such as railroads and hotels, though this was not enforced equally from region to region, it was one of the first steps towards standardizing what we now call equal citizenship for all. Republican government stablished the ‘State land Commission’ made attempts to improve the South’s economic situations by allowing labors/farmers to claim their crops before the land owners and merchants. This was an issue since, farmers often owed the land owners and would regularly part with their crops for less than its worth. Officials believed that establishing railroads were key to improving the South’s economy, they believed that this will make way for factories, towns and a variety for agricultural developments. This idea was not very successful since most Northern companies had their attentions turned to the West instead of the devastated South. Due to the failure to improve the South’s economy, the economic status of most freedman remained the same. With this failed attempt came a change in government, a ‘biracial democratic government’ was introduced to Americans. With this came the â€Å"overthrow of the reconstruction† (Foner, Give Me Liberty, II 575), many in the south were against the new form of government and called it corrupt and ineffective. Though corruption existed before, its aims now differ, some states were stained with â€Å"bribery, insider deals and get rich atmospheres† (Foner, Give Me Liberty, II 576). These practices soon nded due to increased taxes to support public funded services such as schools and construction of railroads. Raising of taxes backfired since it caused poor whites in the south to end their support for the Republican Government since they saw that their whites in the south who found it difficult to accept freed slaves as their equals and allowing them to hold offices and voting. Southern radicals who still dreams of the (golden age of the South) now sought to obstruct the reconstruction by violence, by now they not on questioned the policies of the reconstruction, they believed that they ust end the republican rule and had a disbelieve in the federal government. This movement became known as the â€Å"reign of terror† (Foner, Give Me Liberty, II 576). , giving rise to individual hate crimes on road sides against black who would not step aside for whites. These hate crimes would late become more organized and led to the formation of cults such as the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) which serves as a â€Å"military arm for the Democratic party in the south† (Foner, Give Me Liberty, II 577). Thought the main target for the KKK were predominantly blacks/ freed slaves; Foner claims that the KKK often assaulted white members of the Republicans, artime Unionist, office holders and teachers from the north. These acts of terrorism were carried out by conservative whites in the south who preferred the olden ways. KKK activities alarmed southern government following the attack on a small town in â€Å"Colfax, Louisiana in 1873; armed whited assaulted the town with small cannons† (Foner, Give Me Liberty, II 578). Due to these circumstances, Washington approved the use of federal troops to subdue all terrorist activities, this which ultimately led to the federal government to expand its authority throughout the south. Troops shortly deployed to apprehend anyone associate with the KKK, many ere arrested and many fled. These affirmative actions in 1872 towards the KKK caused the clan o disband and eventually dissolved completely granting the South genuine peace. Another contributing reasons for the failure of the reconstruction goes to the reappearance of racism in the North. Many believed that enough was done, blacks were now free and given voting rights and that was enough. With all the emphasis on the KKK, other political ploys were formed in the north simultaneously. The Liberal Republicans were formed, electing the â€Å"editor of the New York Tribute for president† (Foner, Give Me Liberty, II 579). Being that there was now division amongst Republicans, Democrats made Greeley their candidate for president in the election of 1874. This was done with hopes of returning the Democrats to power but failed since most voters simple refrained from voting, resulting in a landslide victory for Grant in 1874. Reconstruction was still not in the clear, in fact things had gotten worse, Journalist, James S. Pike, published â€Å"the Prostate States† (Foner, Give Me Liberty, II 578), which blamed the corruptions of the Southern states on black who held office, blacks were depicted as less than humans and animalistic instead. This contributed o the rebirth of racism and the rise of the Democrats again. With Democrats dominating congress, the; old ones enacted a final piece of Reconstruction legislation, The Civil Rights act of 1785†¦ utlawing racial discrimination† (Foner, Give Me Liberty, II 580), though this was not upheld by the Supreme Court. In following years, Democrats would rise up and take control of few strategic southern states. These stated began calling themselves the â€Å"redeemed† (Foner, Give Me Liberty, II 581), referring to the act of returning their rightful white leaders back to office. Unlike the KKK who operated at night, armed individuals in the se ‘redeemed’ ctions were taken to combat these attacks which played a major role in the election of 1877. In the so called redeemed states, ballet boxes were destroyed and freed slaves/republicans were turned away from voting by armed southern Democrats which consequently led the victory of the Democrats and Rutherford B. Hayes as president. Though one of the most controversial elections of the 19th century, Republicans submitted after attempting to secure a promise from Hayes that he will uphold the rights for all. This marked the end of the Reconstruction in 1877, though it continued, allowed many blacks to vote and hold office. Reconstruction would not come up again â€Å"until the Civil Rights movement in the 1950’s to 1960’s† (Foner, Give Me Liberty, II 582). Thought many would consider the Reconstruction of 1967-1877 a failure, it did prepare a foundation for the Civil Rights movement which occurred in 1950, it was the first attempt of many to meet the promise of the nation in which everyone was truly given an opportunity. The Reconstruction also illustrates the evils of politics and how one man’s neglect towards his duties can affect a nation, this referring to Grant turning a blind eye to the attacks in 1875. How to cite Congressional Reconstruction in the south 1863-1867, Papers

Business Law and Due Diligence

Question: Discuss about the Business Law and Due Diligence. Answer: Business laws in Australia: Introduction: To discuss the business laws in Australia, one must know about Australia's legal activities. For example, transport or vehicle industry is one of the most popular companies in Australia. Nowadays, there are so many options for people to travel from one place to another. To go somewhere, a person only needs to book a car online. One of the modern transportation companies is Uber. This assignment is all about the legal issues of ride share car companies compared with the business laws of Australia. Uber Technologies Inc. is an American multinational online transportation system organization headquartered in San Francisco, California. It creates showcases and works the Uber portable application, which permits shoppers with cell phones to present an outing solicitation which is then directed to Uber drivers who utilize their own autos. As of August 2016, the administration was accessible in more than 66 nations and 507 urban areas around the world. Since Uber's dispatch, a few different organizations have repeated its plan of action, a pattern that has come to be alluded to as "Uberification". Legal Issues of Ride Share Cars in Australia: There are some legal issues that ride share cars are facing especially in Australia. These are: Tax issues of ride share cars: To know about the taxation in Australia, one must have knowledge about the Goods and Services Tax (GST). The property and services tax in Australia is an assessment levy of 10% on the largest part of supplies and services trades. GST is charged on most dealings in the manufacturing method but is recompensed to all passengers in the series of construction other than the ultimate customer. Any ride share cars drivers must maintain their tax issues. They need to follow the ATOs ride-share tax implications- i) Any money they formulate driving on behalf of a transport company calculates as profits, which means that they must announce the earnings on their income tax return (Hogan, 2012). ii) Even if they make not as much of the $70,000 GST earnings threshold, as a driver of a ride-share cars they have to register for GST. As per Motor vehicle standard act 1989 of Australia, drivers of a ride-share car company must register for GST and then begin to lodge weekly a BAS report and give GST debts. According to the law, if they dont do this, they are asking over for a problem with the ATO and a ride-share car company is improbable to aid them out of their private ATO dilemma. Apart from the tax issues, the Australian Motor vehicle standard act gives some tax benefits to a driver of ride-share cars. There are a variety of tax subtractions one can allege as an engine of a transport company (Lucadou-Wells Bourke, 2015). According to the transportation laws of Australia here are some occupational charges that become tariff-deductible when a person becomes a driver of ride share cars. These are - Registration; Indemnity; Maintenance; Tyres; Car repairs; Car cleaning expenses etc. Alongside with these costs, the driver can state extra expenditure that is unswervingly connected to becoming and functioning as a driver of ride share cars, for example: Expenses of registering as a driver of a transport company (submission cost, medicinal and law enforcement checks, etc.) Job-related parking charge (maintain receipts and insert them up, or allege up to $300 per year for parking costs fewer than $15 each) Exceptional maintenance costs (car cleaning, carpet cleaning, etc.) Since ride share cars are new in Australia, the drivers need to pursue the continuously changing tax problems that pertain to car drivers (Ramn-Llorens Hernndez-Cnovas, 2012). In Australia not pay taxes is a deliberate offence. If any taxi/car drivers neglect their tax payments then they can face serious problems. They will be put on trial by the Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions. Apart from that the courts might oblige sanctuary bonds, neighbourhood service orders, fines, additional punishments and for some serious offences jail sentences. In addition, summery crimes are indicted by the ATO under the Tax Administration Act 1953, Criminal Code Act 19995 and Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (Delic, 2014). Legalization of all Ride Share Cars in Australia: Some places of Australia have legalized all ride share cars, because it is very important for any cab business to get authorized by the state Government. Without proper legal authorities, it is not safe for any cars to drive and take passengers, because if some accidents happened, then the passengers will not get the medical insurance facilities only because the car was not legal or authorized. In Australia the places that already authorized ride share cars are Ride share car legalization in Victoria: Ride share cars legitimacy in Victoria, particularly for its transport facility has been in a high place for many years, and in recent times a court case questioned the aptitude of the Victorian Tax Commission to be capable of breaking down on share car drivers. According to the Passenger Transport Act, 1990, an outmoded segment of the Transportation (Miscellaneous and Compliance) Act1983 that the District Court in Victoria construed as meaning every customer required to be alleged individually in order for a facility to be measured and appoint service resulted in the verdict that acquiescence officers, who move in pairs could not charge money to those car drivers for violating the law for the reason that they were charged only one entrance fee for the journey (Mancuso, 2014). If an officer had gone unaccompanied, the security would not have pertained. Legalization of ride share cars in New South Wales: After many months of observations on drivers in the country, NSW Prime Minister Mike Baird publicized in December, 2015 that the administration would authorize ride share cars according to The Point to Point Transport Bill, 2015, recompense taxi permit plate possessors to the refrain of $350 million with a $1.5 tariff per tour to forfeit for it, and select a new controller to supervise the diligence (CASSEL, 2016). Ride sharing cars in South Australia: In April 2016 the government of South Australia transformed regulations and would permit ride share cars to work in the country from 1st July. At the same time as with New South Wales, there would be a $1.5 tariff on the entire metro journeys for all travellers of all facilities to give $55 for every week for an upper limit of 10 months to license owners impacted via legalizing ride sharing cars. Apart from that, every taxi license possessor will as well get $25,000 in damages (Davenport Parker, 2011). Seat Belt Legislation: In Australia, later than the forward of obligatory front outboard rising points in 1964, the utilization of seat belts by all motor vehicle travellers was prepared mandatory in the countries of South Australia and Victoria in 1971 and 1970, correspondingly. By 1973, the use of fixed seat belts by vehicle tenants was made necessary for the whole country of Australia for the duration of the 1970s and 1980s. Seat belt laws are an important part to avoid any kind of injuries or accidents (under REG 267). According to this law, ride share car drivers also need to take care that their passengers are wearing seat belts and the drivers also need to fasten their seatbelts. The consequent vivid demur in highway deaths is usually because of seat belt acts and ensuing road security movements (VoycePossamai, 2011). The rules for these drivers are depending on the country or area with authority. Punishment for Breaking Seat Belt Law: Conclusion: Thus ride share cars are spreading in all over Australia by maintaining the laws and regulations. Despite its legal issues, these cars are matching themselves with the Australian business rules and regulations. It is true that the drivers still have no control over cab fares, but soon they will find a solution for this problem also. References: Cassel, D. (2016). Outlining the Case for a Common Law Duty of Care of Business to Exercise Human Rights Due Diligence. Business And Human Rights Journal, 1(02), 179-202. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bhj.2016.15 Crilly, W., Sherman, A., Crilly, W. (2010). The AMA Handbook of Due Diligence. New York: American Management Association. Davenport, S. Parker, D. (2011). Business and law in Australia. Pyrmont, N.S.W.: Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia. Hogan, L. (2012). Non-renewable resource taxation: policy reform in Australia*. Australian Journal Of Agricultural And Resource Economics, 56(2), 244-259. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8489.2012.00583.x Lucado-Wells, R. Bourke, J. (2015). Teaching Business Law: Some Ethical Dimensions from Australia. Procedia - Social AndBehavioral Sciences, 209, 102-108. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.264 Ramn-Llorens, M. Hernndez-Cnovas, G. (2012). Classification and Analysis of Criteria Used in the Due Diligence Process. IJBM, 7(6). https://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v7n6p81 Voyce, M. Possamai, A. (2011). Legal Pluralism, Family Personal Laws, and the Rejection of Shari'a in Australia: A Case of Multiple or Clashing Modernities?.Democracy and Security, 7(4), 338-353. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17419166.2011.617603 Mancuso, P. (2014). An analysis of the competition that impinges on the MilanRome intercity passenger transport link. Transport Policy, 32, 42-52. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2013.12.013 Delic, N. (2014). The act of minor significance and genuine remorse in the criminal code. Anali Pravnog Fakulteta U Beogradu, 62(1), 23-40. https://dx.doi.org/10.5937/analipfb1401023d

Mills Greatest Happiness Principles A Practical Guide to the Theory of Life

Life has always been a mystery to people. The humankind has been trying to unlock this secret throughout its entire existence. However, there has been very little success so far. Still, a number of theories concerning life and principles of life have been spawned. One of these theories is utilitarianism.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mill’s Greatest Happiness Principles: A Practical Guide to the Theory of Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The key principle of Utilitarianism according to its founder, John Miller, is that the right action must trigger the happiness of all those involved. However, utilitarianism is based not only on the given principle, but also on the so-called â€Å"theory of life.†Exploring the given phenomenon, one can get a little closer to discovering the meaning of life. It is a well-known fact that Mill’s key concepts are based on the so-called â€Å"theory of lif e.† The latter presupposes that people should strive for pleasure and drive the experience of pain to minimum. Alican put it in the following way: â€Å"Pleasure, and freedom from pain, are the only things desirable as ends.†1 At the given point, however, one might notice that Mill’s theory has a number of things in common with the traditional postulates of Hedonism. According to Alican, â€Å"In essence, then, Mill’s proof is an attempt to establish a theory of value, ethical hedonism.†2 Indeed, if considering Mill’s theory of life, one must admit that it presupposes following certain ethical principles when enjoying life. Nevertheless, it must be admitted that Miller’s theory borrows a lot from Hedonism. Moreover, Miller’s theory of life is practically based on Hedonism. If taking away the moral principles and the idea that any action should be aimed at both the satisfaction of self and the satisfaction of others, one will get the Hedonist principles. However, Mill’s theory involves another arguable and rather controversial element apart from the similarities with Hedonism. To be more exact, Mill denies the link between ethical theory and moral obligation. To start with, Miller asks the readers, â€Å"Does the belief that moral obligation has its seat outside the mind make the feeling of it too strong to be got rid of?†3 In the given question, Miller draws the line between the moral principles and the human mind. Hence, Mill questions the link between the moral and the ethical. Further on, Mill explains:Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is not necessary, for the present purpose, to decide whether the feeling of duty is innate or implanted. Assuming it to be innate, it is an open question to what objects it naturally attaches itself; for the philosophic supporters of that theory are now agr eed that the intuitive perception is of principles of morality, and not of the details.4 Thus, Mill specifies the difference between the moral and the ethical. Mill believes that moral is what is considered right by the society. Meanwhile, ethical, in Mill’s understanding, is what an individual believes to be right. Therefore, Mill also draws the line between the social and the personal. Hence, the theory of life also separates an individual from the society. Personally, I believe that Miller has the point. On the one hand, ethics and moral obligation are often considered the same thing. On the other hand, they often seem a mile away from each other. To demonstrate my point of view, it is necessary to consider a specific instance. For example, if an extremely poor person steals something vitally important, like medicine or food, for someone just as poor, a moral dilemma appears. A moral obligation presupposes that the thief should be imprisoned. From an ethical standpoint, ho wever, the thief had a noble thing in mind when stealing which means that the thief should be released. Therefore, Miller seems right about the difference between ethical theory and moral dilemma. What seems morally logical is not always ethically correct. There are different courses of actions for the case above. However, in either case, the conflict between the moral and the ethical will be there. An individual might consider it ethical to release the prisoner. However, according to the laws of society, it is immoral to let the criminal go. While some people consider that the given theory approached hedonism, Mill claimed that it was not. According to Mill, hedonism does not focus on the quality of the pleasure. On the contrary, in Mill’s theory, quality is the defining issue. Even though John Miller’s theory has been studied fully, the meaning of life still remains obscure. It is worth giving credit to Miller, though. With the help of his theory, he managed to devel op a completely new basis for people’s relationships. Moreover, Miller managed to provide an ethical basis for his theory. At the same time the latter does not seem preachy, which is worth appreciating.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mill’s Greatest Happiness Principles: A Practical Guide to the Theory of Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Miller emphasized the significance of a human life once again. However, he made it in a new and subtle way. The philosopher created the theory that allowed to establish completely new type of human relationships. Unselfish and aimed at everyone’s satisfaction, utilitarianism attitudes seem a very peculiar idea. Reference List 1. Alican, N. F. Mill’s principle of utility: a defense of John Stuart Mill’s notorious proof. Atlanta (GA): Rodopi; 1994. 2. Alican, N. F. Mill’s principle of utility: a defense of John Stuart Mill’s n otorious proof. Atlanta (GA): Rodopi; 1994. 3. Mill, J. S. Utilitarianism. Cambridge, (MA): Longman, Green, Reader Dyer, 1871. 4. Mill, J. S. Utilitarianism. Cambridge, (MA): Longman, Green, Reader Dyer, 1871. This essay on Mill’s Greatest Happiness Principles: A Practical Guide to the Theory of Life was written and submitted by user Cailyn Cruz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.